ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA AND CARCINOMA
Essential of diagnosis • Abnormal uterine bleeding, menorrhagia or post menopausal bleeding.
• Risk factors
– hyperoestrogenism – long-term exposure to unopposed oestrogens
(polycystic ovarian syndrome, chronic anovulation, obesity, late menopause and exogenous oestrogens). – Metabolic syndrome including diabetes and hypertension
– Nulliparity
– Increasing age
– History of breast cancer
– Genetic predisposition (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome)
• Diagnosis
– endometrial sampling
– ultrasonography
Aetiology • most endometrial carcinomas arise on background of endometrial hyperplasia
• two major types
Type I – Associated with either endogenous or exogenous unopposed oestrogen
exposure – Usually consists of low grade or well differentiated tumour with a
favourable prognosis.
